What are some projects to watch for with Ethereum's AI Evolution, ERC-8004 standard?

By: blockbeats|2026/01/29 23:00:00
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On January 28, the Ethereum mainnet will see a milestone technical upgrade — the official deployment of the ERC-8004 standard. This is not just a technical protocol release; it also marks Ethereum's attempt to evolve from an asset settlement layer to a global AI Agent's ultimate application store and trust coordination layer.

In the near future, how will we discover new AI Agents to use? What will a decentralized, more open AI ecosystem look like? How will AI Agents facilitate payments for us?

First unveiled in the summer of 2025, a new Ethereum technical standard, ERC-8004, seeks to answer these questions.

Created by MetaMask's AI Lead Marco De Rossi, Ethereum Foundation's AI Lead Davide Crapis, Google engineer Jordan Ellis, and Coinbase Developer Platform Engineering Lead Erik Reppel, this protocol also incorporates feedback and contributions from numerous other crypto companies and projects.

Why Develop the ERC-8004 Standard?

ERC-8004 allows developers to mint AI Agents for users akin to minting NFTs and delegate them via the ERC-721 track. It makes AI Agents discoverable and also enables recording an Agent's reputation score on-chain.

In a traditional internet setting, AI Agents are second-class citizens. They lack bank accounts, identification, and are entirely subject to centralized platform APIs. The emergence of ERC-8004 addresses several key issues:

1. Breaking Down the Silo Effect: Current AI plugins or Agents are trapped in OpenAI's or Google's private ecosystems. ERC-8004 provides a neutral, no-one-owns-it public layer where Agents can exist across platforms.

2. A Credit Society for Machines: Agents are black boxes, and you don't know if an Agent that automates your finances can be trusted. By on-chain reputation recording, negative reviews cannot be erased by the manufacturer, while positive reviews are globally acknowledged.

3. Paying AI: AI can't open a bank account, but it can have an Ethereum address. With ERC-8004's collaboration with the x402 protocol, AI can autonomously purchase computing power, data, or hire other AIs through micropayments, truly becoming an independent economic entity.

In an interview, De Rossi believed: "Perhaps it is too early to fully discuss the business model now. Even though x402 is obviously the best way to monetize the AI Agent, we should focus more on the use cases rather than just the infrastructure."

However, these Agents themselves will not be stored on Ethereum. Running an AI Agent in that way is very complex and would require a lot of additional overhead. So it will not be that thoroughly decentralized form. But ERC-8004 has indeed opened up an intermediate path for developers: between a completely closed ecosystem and a fully open, decentralized system.

In this vision, users or businesses host AI Agents on their own devices or servers; and then use 8004 to leverage the blockchain, sharing their models with others like an open app store and receiving ratings and feedback.

How will Ethereum's upgrade change the user experience?

When Agents have identity and wallets, Ethereum will transition from a speculative tool to a thriving machine-to-machine (A2A) market.

1. AI Agent Cooperation (A2A Economy): You hire a travel planning Agent, which discovers it is not good at finding cheap flights, so it finds a highly reputable flight-hunting Agent on-chain and automatically pays stablecoins to get help, all done in the background.

2. Fully Automated Asset Management: You can authorize a hedge Agent to monitor your wallet. When the market experiences extreme volatility or security threats, based on on-chain verification logic, it can automatically reallocate funds between different protocols without you needing to watch the screen.

3. Decentralized AI Marketplace: You can browse various functional Agents in an Agent browser like in the App Store. As they are in ERC-721 (NFT) form, you can even buy, sell, rent, or stake these highly reputable, highly profitable Agents.

For the average user, the most tangible change is the disappearance of friction and the reduction of trust costs.

In the past, using different AI services required registering for N number of accounts, linking a credit card, obtaining an API Key. Now your wallet is your passport. Agents settle directly through x402, you just need to deposit some stablecoins upfront, no more dealing with complex subscription renewals.

Previously, you had no way of knowing if a certain third-party Agent would secretly take your money or if the advice provided was biased. Now, before using them, you can see the Agent's on-chain "track record" — how many orders they've processed, their success rate, user ratings. This trust is ensured by algorithms, not vendor endorsements.

The most significant change is from "tool interaction" to "Intent interaction." In the past, you needed to swap coins on Uniswap and then deposit them on Aave. Now, you just need to send a message to the Agent: "Help me deposit $1000 into the highest-yielding and lowest-risk option." It will use the ERC-8004 validation mechanism to find the best path and execute all complex operations for you.

If we truly want to attract mainstream consumers, we also need to build some kind of AI Agent browser, a user-friendly frontend, and integrate payment settlement processes. Currently, there are about half a dozen teams working on similar products. However, making a product that is usable by anyone without falling into the trap of platform visibility restrictions for certain types of Agents can be a challenging task.

Davide Crapis, Head of AI at the Ethereum Foundation, stated that Ethereum has a unique advantage in providing security and settlement for AI-to-AI interactions. "The ERC-8004 standard will go live on the mainnet," he said, adding that this release is just the beginning. "February is the month of genesis — it will be very critical."

Which projects are expected to benefit from the ERC-8004 standard?

Ethereum Foundation engineer Binji interprets this upgrade from a more macro perspective, believing that a large-scale AI society needs a shared true ledger.

"The reason civilization can scale is that humans can engage in implicit trust, something AI Agents can't do," he said, describing blockchain as the only viable underlying matrix for Agent society. "ERC-8004 will solidify Ethereum and its L2 as such a blockchain."

It is widely anticipated that this launch will benefit a growing number of AI-focused encrypted projects, especially those working on Agent infrastructure, orchestration layers, and on-chain marketplace platforms.

Analysts and developers typically classify potential beneficiaries into two main categories:

What are some projects to watch for with Ethereum's AI Evolution, ERC-8004 standard?

Infrastructure and Tooling Layer

A platform for Agent discovery, orchestration, and reputation tracking. The ecosystem tracker often mentioned directions covering the registry, settlement layer, interoperability, as well as scalability solutions on Ethereum and its Layer-2 networks.

· AltLayer

· ChaosChain

· Tascha

· Khorus

· OpenServ

· PayAI Network | x402 Facilitator

· Praxis

· swarms

· WachAI

· Xyber

· Talus Labs

· Taiko.eth

· AEON.XYZ

· KITE AI

· OpenMind

· Sahara AI

AI Agent Application Layer

Spanning DeFi, prediction markets, automated trading, and autonomous service bots scenarios. These projects rely on Agents that need to authenticate each other, exchange value, and coordinate actions on an open network, which is precisely what ERC-8004 aims to address.

Multiple ecosystem maps circulated within the developer community show that dozens of teams have aligned their products with this standard, hinting at early momentum pre-mainnet activation.

· Aetheron

· Bankr

· Cashie by CARV

· Dexter AI

· ETHYS

· HeyElsa

· Hubble AI

· Mamo

· PredictBase

· ReplyCorp

· Symero

· Unibase

· Virtuals Protocol

· Warden

· Wasabot

· Zyfai

· Daydreams.Systems

x402 Interlinking Effect

The impact of ERC-8004 could be further amplified through close collaboration with x402.

x402 is a protocol for inter-agent "native Internet micro-payments." It revolves around the HTTP 402 response and stablecoin settlements, enabling Agents to make direct payments for API, data, or compute resources without the need for an account, API Key, or intermediary.

Market analysts believe that the combination of the ERC-8004 portable reputation layer and x402's low-friction payment mechanism almost constitutes a complete technical stack for "decentralized AI business."

Some also speculate that as adoption increases, the token demand associated with Agent infrastructure and payment channels may surge.

The global AI market is expected to exceed $1 trillion in 2031. Ethereum's bet is on open, neutral infrastructure, which is more promising than a closed enterprise ecosystem. By anchoring identity, reputation, and settlements on-chain, ERC-8004 aims to position Ethereum as a "coordination layer" for autonomous Agents, not just an application platform.

Whether this vision can translate into sustained network activity and value capture will gradually become clearer in the months following launch. At least for now, ERC-8004 represents Ethereum's clearest attempt to date: to secure a position at the intersection of blockchain and AI.

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China's Central Bank and Eight Other Departments' Latest Regulatory Focus: Key Attention to RWA Tokenized Asset Risk


Foreword: Today, the People's Bank of China's website published the "Notice of the People's Bank of China, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration for Market Regulation, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Preventing and Dealing with Risks Related to Virtual Currency and Others (Yinfa [2026] No. 42)", the latest regulatory requirements from the eight departments including the central bank, which are basically consistent with the regulatory requirements of recent years. The main focus of the regulation is on speculative activities such as virtual currency trading, exchanges, ICOs, overseas platform services, and this time, regulatory oversight of RWA has been added, explicitly prohibiting RWA tokenization, stablecoins (especially those pegged to the RMB). The following is the full text:


To the people's governments of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:


  Recently, there have been speculative activities related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets (RWA) tokenization, disrupting the economic and financial order and jeopardizing the property security of the people. In order to further prevent and address the risks related to virtual currency and Real-World Assets tokenization, effectively safeguard national security and social stability, in accordance with the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the People's Bank of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Commercial Banks," "Securities Law of the People's Republic of China," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Securities Investment Funds," "Law of the People's Republic of China on Futures and Derivatives," "Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Renminbi," "Regulations on Prevention and Disposal of Illegal Fundraising," "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Exchange Administration," "Telecommunications Regulations of the People's Republic of China," and other provisions, after reaching consensus with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and with the approval of the State Council, the relevant matters are notified as follows:


  I. Clarify the essential attributes of virtual currency, Real-World Assets tokenization, and related business activities


  (I) Virtual currency does not possess the legal status equivalent to fiat currency. Virtual currencies such as Bitcoin, Ether, Tether, etc., have the main characteristics of being issued by non-monetary authorities, using encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technology, existing in digital form, etc. They do not have legal tender status, should not and cannot be circulated and used as currency in the market.


  The business activities related to virtual currency are classified as illegal financial activities. The exchange of fiat currency and virtual currency within the territory, exchange of virtual currencies, acting as a central counterparty in buying and selling virtual currencies, providing information intermediary and pricing services for virtual currency transactions, token issuance financing, and trading of virtual currency-related financial products, etc., fall under illegal financial activities, such as suspected illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public issuance of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, etc., are strictly prohibited across the board and resolutely banned in accordance with the law. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to provide virtual currency-related services to domestic entities in any form.


  A stablecoin pegged to a fiat currency indirectly fulfills some functions of the fiat currency in circulation. Without the consent of relevant authorities in accordance with the law and regulations, any domestic or foreign entity or individual is not allowed to issue a RMB-pegged stablecoin overseas.


(II)Tokenization of Real-World Assets refers to the use of encryption technology and distributed ledger or similar technologies to transform ownership rights, income rights, etc., of assets into tokens (tokens) or other interests or bond certificates with token (token) characteristics, and carry out issuance and trading activities.


  Engaging in the tokenization of real-world assets domestically, as well as providing related intermediary, information technology services, etc., which are suspected of illegal issuance of token vouchers, unauthorized public offering of securities, illegal operation of securities and futures business, illegal fundraising, and other illegal financial activities, shall be prohibited; except for relevant business activities carried out with the approval of the competent authorities in accordance with the law and regulations and relying on specific financial infrastructures. Overseas entities and individuals are not allowed to illegally provide services related to the tokenization of real-world assets to domestic entities in any form.


  II. Sound Work Mechanism


  (III) Inter-agency Coordination. The People's Bank of China, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of virtual currency-related illegal financial activities.


  The China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other departments, will improve the work mechanism, strengthen coordination with the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate, coordinate efforts, and overall guide regions to carry out risk prevention and disposal of illegal financial activities related to the tokenization of real-world assets.


  (IV) Strengthening Local Implementation. The people's governments at the provincial level are overall responsible for the prevention and disposal of risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets in their respective administrative regions. The specific leading department is the local financial regulatory department, with participation from branches and dispatched institutions of the State Council's financial regulatory department, telecommunications regulators, public security, market supervision, and other departments, in coordination with cyberspace departments, courts, and procuratorates, to improve the normalization of the work mechanism, effectively connect with the relevant work mechanisms of central departments, form a cooperative and coordinated working pattern between central and local governments, effectively prevent and properly handle risks related to virtual currencies and the tokenization of real-world assets, and maintain economic and financial order and social stability.


  III. Strengthened Risk Monitoring, Prevention, and Disposal


  (5) Enhanced Risk Monitoring. The People's Bank of China, China Securities Regulatory Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, Cyberspace Administration of China, and other departments continue to improve monitoring techniques and system support, enhance cross-departmental data analysis and sharing, establish sound information sharing and cross-validation mechanisms, promptly grasp the risk situation of activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization. Local governments at all levels give full play to the role of local monitoring and early warning mechanisms. Local financial regulatory authorities, together with branches and agencies of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, as well as departments of cyberspace and public security, ensure effective connection between online monitoring, offline investigation, and fund tracking, efficiently and accurately identify activities related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly share risk information, improve early warning information dissemination, verification, and rapid response mechanisms.


  (6) Strengthened Oversight of Financial Institutions, Intermediaries, and Technology Service Providers. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing account opening, fund transfer, and clearing services for virtual currency-related business activities, issuing and selling financial products related to virtual currency, including virtual currency and related financial products in the scope of collateral, conducting insurance business related to virtual currency, or including virtual currency in the scope of insurance liability. Financial institutions (including non-bank payment institutions) are prohibited from providing custody, clearing, and settlement services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related business and related financial products. Relevant intermediary institutions and information technology service providers are prohibited from providing intermediary, technical, or other services for unauthorized real-world asset tokenization-related businesses and related financial products.


  (7) Enhanced Management of Internet Information Content and Access. Internet enterprises are prohibited from providing online business venues, commercial displays, marketing, advertising, or paid traffic diversion services for virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities. Upon discovering clues of illegal activities, they should promptly report to relevant departments and provide technical support and assistance for related investigations and inquiries. Based on the clues transferred by the financial regulatory authorities, the cyberspace administration, telecommunications authorities, and public security departments should promptly close and deal with websites, mobile applications (including mini-programs), and public accounts engaged in virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization-related business activities in accordance with the law.


  (8) Strengthened Entity Registration and Advertisement Management. Market supervision departments strengthen entity registration and management, and enterprise and individual business registrations must not contain terms such as "virtual currency," "virtual asset," "cryptocurrency," "crypto asset," "stablecoin," "real-world asset tokenization," or "RWA" in their names or business scopes. Market supervision departments, together with financial regulatory authorities, legally enhance the supervision of advertisements related to virtual currency and real-world asset tokenization, promptly investigating and handling relevant illegal advertisements.


  (IX) Continued Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities. The National Development and Reform Commission, together with relevant departments, strictly controls virtual currency mining activities, continuously promotes the rectification of virtual currency mining activities. The people's governments of various provinces take overall responsibility for the rectification of "mining" within their respective administrative regions. In accordance with the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments in the "Notice on the Rectification of Virtual Currency Mining Activities" (NDRC Energy-saving Building [2021] No. 1283) and the provisions of the "Guidance Catalog for Industrial Structure Adjustment (2024 Edition)," a comprehensive review, investigation, and closure of existing virtual currency mining projects are conducted, new mining projects are strictly prohibited, and mining machine production enterprises are strictly prohibited from providing mining machine sales and other services within the country.


  (X) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal Financial Activities. Upon discovering clues to illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets, local financial regulatory authorities, branches of the State Council's financial regulatory authorities, and other relevant departments promptly investigate, determine, and properly handle the issues in accordance with the law, and seriously hold the relevant entities and individuals legally responsible. Those suspected of crimes are transferred to the judicial authorities for processing according to the law.


 (XI) Severe Crackdown on Related Illegal and Criminal Activities. The Ministry of Public Security, the People's Bank of China, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, as well as judicial and procuratorial organs, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, rigorously crack down on illegal and criminal activities related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, such as fraud, money laundering, illegal business operations, pyramid schemes, illegal fundraising, and other illegal and criminal activities carried out under the guise of virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, etc.


  (XII) Strengthen Industry Self-discipline. Relevant industry associations should enhance membership management and policy advocacy, based on their own responsibilities, advocate and urge member units to resist illegal financial activities related to virtual currency and the tokenization of real-world assets. Member units that violate regulatory policies and industry self-discipline rules are to be disciplined in accordance with relevant self-regulatory management regulations. By leveraging various industry infrastructure, conduct risk monitoring related to virtual currency, the tokenization of real-world assets, and promptly transfer issue clues to relevant departments.


  IV. Strict Supervision of Domestic Entities Engaging in Overseas Business Activities


(XIII) Without the approval of relevant departments in accordance with the law and regulations, domestic entities and foreign entities controlled by them may not issue virtual currency overseas.


  (XIV) Domestic entities engaging directly or indirectly in overseas external debt-based tokenization of real-world assets, or conducting asset securitization activities abroad based on domestic ownership rights, income rights, etc. (hereinafter referred to as domestic equity), should be strictly regulated in accordance with the principles of "same business, same risk, same rules." The National Development and Reform Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, and other relevant departments regulate it according to their respective responsibilities. For other forms of overseas real-world asset tokenization activities based on domestic equity by domestic entities, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, together with relevant departments, supervise according to their division of responsibilities. Without the consent and filing of relevant departments, no unit or individual may engage in the above-mentioned business.


  (15) Overseas subsidiaries and branches of domestic financial institutions providing Real World Asset Tokenization-related services overseas shall do so legally and prudently. They shall have professional personnel and systems in place to effectively mitigate business risks, strictly implement customer onboarding, suitability management, anti-money laundering requirements, and incorporate them into the domestic financial institutions' compliance and risk management system. Intermediaries and information technology service providers offering Real World Asset Tokenization services abroad based on domestic equity or conducting Real World Asset Tokenization business in the form of overseas debt for domestic entities directly or indirectly venturing abroad must strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations. They should establish and improve relevant compliance and internal control systems in accordance with relevant normative requirements, strengthen business and risk control, and report the business developments to the relevant regulatory authorities for approval or filing.


  V. Strengthen Organizational Implementation


  (16) Strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination. All departments and regions should attach great importance to the prevention of risks related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization, strengthen organizational leadership, clarify work responsibilities, form a long-term effective working mechanism with centralized coordination, local implementation, and shared responsibilities, maintain high pressure, dynamically monitor risks, effectively prevent and mitigate risks in an orderly and efficient manner, legally protect the property security of the people, and make every effort to maintain economic and financial order and social stability.


  (17) Widely carry out publicity and education. All departments, regions, and industry associations should make full use of various media and other communication channels to disseminate information through legal and policy interpretation, analysis of typical cases, and education on investment risks, etc. They should promote the illegality and harm of virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses and their manifestations, fully alert to potential risks and hidden dangers, and enhance public awareness and identification capabilities for risk prevention.


  VI. Legal Responsibility


  (18) Engaging in illegal financial activities related to virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization in violation of this notice, as well as providing services for virtual currencies and Real World Asset Tokenization-related businesses, shall be punished in accordance with relevant regulations. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law. For domestic entities and individuals who knowingly or should have known that overseas entities illegally provided virtual currency or Real World Asset Tokenization-related services to domestic entities and still assisted them, relevant responsibilities shall be pursued according to the law. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be pursued according to the law.


  (19) If any unit or individual invests in virtual currencies, Real World Asset Tokens, and related financial products against public order and good customs, the relevant civil legal actions shall be invalid, and any resulting losses shall be borne by them. If there are suspicions of disrupting financial order and jeopardizing financial security, the relevant departments shall deal with them according to the law.


  This notice shall enter into force upon the date of its issuance. The People's Bank of China and ten other departments' "Notice on Further Preventing and Dealing with the Risks of Virtual Currency Trading Speculation" (Yinfa [2021] No. 237) is hereby repealed.


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